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Free text: This example gets from command line a <code>String</code> containing some text and finds if there's any duplicate character in it. == the article == {{versioned code|url=https://svn2.hosted-projects.com/wikijava/articles/dongiulio/SVN_LOCAL/org/wikijava/basic/hasDuplicates.java}} The core part of this example is the has duplicate method: <source lang="java"> private static boolean hasDuplicates(String string) { for (int i = 0; i < string.length() - 1; i++) { if (string.substring(i + 1).contains(string.subSequence(i, i + 1))) { return true; } } return false; }</source> which contains a for loop to check for each character of the String if the rest of the String contains that character. There are two simple optimizations in it: * The <code>for</code> doesn't check the last character of the string, it's not necessary, since there's no rest of the string * the <code>if</code> checks only for duplicates in the string starting from the character following the current character. If in the characters before this there were no duplicates there's no point in checking them again. The important methods used here are: * <code>String java.lang.String.substring(int beginIndex)</code> that returns the end of the string starting at the position beginIndex. *<code>boolean java.lang.String.contains(CharSequence s)</code> which checks if the substring, obtained with the previous method, contains one of the characters in the <code>java.lang.CharSequence</code>. *<code>CharSequence java.lang.String.subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex)</code> which extracts a substring and returns it as a charSequence. == hasDuplicates.java == <source lang="Java">package org.wikijava.basic; /** * @author Giulio */ public class hasDuplicates { /** * calls the hasDuplicates Method * * @param args * one param, the string to validate for duplicates */ public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length < 1) { System.err.println("usage: hasDuplicates <string>"); return; } String string = args[0].trim(); if (hasDuplicates(string)) { System.out.println("there's a duplicate"); } return; } /** * * finds if a string contains duplicate characters * * @param string * @return true if there's a character which is duplicate in the string */ private static boolean hasDuplicates(String string) { for (int i = 0; i < string.length() - 1; i++) { if (string.substring(i + 1).contains(string.subSequence(i, i + 1))) { return true; } } return false; } }</source>[[Language::Java| ]]

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